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8 July 2025

In a new study, researchers analysed blood samples from patients undergoing biologic treatment and discovered a surprising pattern: rather than being reduced, some inflammatory immune cells increased during therapy…

16 September 2024

Recent research has highlighted the role of distinct, disease-specific transcriptional programs in governing goblet cell hyperplasia in asthma and cystic fibrosis…

27 May 2024

In a recent study, researchers examined and described the macrophage–neutrophil axis in Mtb infection, assessing neutrophil function…

Genetics and Mechanisms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) encompasses chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, primarily including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Genetic factors are key contributors to IBD susceptibility, and understanding candidate genes is crucial to comprehend the disease’s complex pathogenesis. Murine models serve as valuable tools to study Read More

Innate Epithelial Barrier Defense In the gastrointestinal tract it is of paramount importance to host health that the intestinal micro­biota is kept at a distance from intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), minimizing the likelihood of tissue damage and invasion. Innate immune strategies include the use of a mucus layer, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and innate lymphoid cells Read More

24 July 2023

In a recent study, researchers investigated interleukin (IL)-31 and its role in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis through the maintainnance of an inflammatory state and pruritus…

Activation of B cells There are two main immune responses that can drive the activation of resting B-cells, and these are termed as T-cell dependent and independent immune responses. Resting B cells become activated by antigen via the BCR and/or by microbiological side products (pathogen associated molecular patterns; PAMPs) via their toll like receptors (TLR4, Read More

Targeting the Tumour Microenvironment Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex, dynamic battlefield for both immune cells and tumour cells. TME is composed of tumour cells, various cytokines, chemokines, proteases, many enzymes, macrovesicles, and other secreted molecules. TME mainly consists of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAFs), endothelial cells, immune cells (like tumour associated macrophages (TAMs)), myeloid derived suppressor Read More

14 November 2022

In a review by Rebecca Adams et al., researchers described the involvement of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in failure of CI therapy and potential strategies to target those cells thereby improving CI efficacy…