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Cell-based Cancer Therapies Cytotoxicity is a property of some immune cells to induce lysis of other cells that can be detected as non-functional or transformed. In the recent years, redirecting cytotoxicity in cancer has been the base of cell-based cancer therapies that involve the use of living cells to treat cancer. There are several types Read More

What are tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL)? Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are lymphocyte populations that have migrated to and infiltrate tumors. TILs recognise tumor specific antigens and elicit direct and indirect cytotoxic activity that can lead to a reduction in tumor burden or even cure in some patients. TIL therapy, a type of adoptive cell therapy (ACT), consists Read More

Norberto, a 23-year old white male in his third relapse of a B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) has been treated with an infusion of autologous CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells (CAR-T cells). Ten days later, he felt severe discomfort in the middle of the night…

Introduction Burnet and Thomas originally suggested that there is continual immune surveillance and elimination of malignant cells which spontaneously arise due to mutations The surveillance concept led to a more complete concept of immune editing, in which the immune response eliminates most potentially malignant cells, but later struggles to maintain equilibrium and tumour clones prone Read More

Introduction Burnet and Thomas originally suggested that there is continual immune surveillance and elimination of malignant cells which spontaneously arise due to mutations The surveillance concept led to a more complete concept of immune editing, in which the immune response eliminates most potentially malignant cells, but later struggles to maintain equilibrium and tumour clones prone Read More

Introduction Burnet and Thomas originally suggested that there is continual immune surveillance and elimination of malignant cells which spontaneously arise due to mutations The surveillance concept led to a more complete concept of immune editing, in which the immune response eliminates most potentially malignant cells, but later struggles to maintain equilibrium and tumour clones prone Read More

Introduction Burnet and Thomas originally suggested that there is continual immune surveillance and elimination of malignant cells which spontaneously arise due to mutations The surveillance concept led to a more complete concept of immune editing, in which the immune response eliminates most potentially malignant cells, but later struggles to maintain equilibrium and tumour clones prone Read More

Introduction Burnet and Thomas originally suggested that there is continual immune surveillance and elimination of malignant cells which spontaneously arise due to mutations The surveillance concept led to a more complete concept of immune editing, in which the immune response eliminates most potentially malignant cells, but later struggles to maintain equilibrium and tumour clones prone Read More

Peter, a 60 year-old Caucasian policeman, complains of a painful burning sensation in his lower extremities lasting for several months. Lower limbs petechiae (small purple/red hemorrhagic spots) appeared one week ago.

A 25 years-old, teacher, complains of double vision. She finds it difficult to talk after prolonged speaking. She is pregnant.Episodes of double vision began 6 weeks ago. Elsa’s husband reported fluctuating droopy eyelids in the morning and evening, which started 4 weeks ago.