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08 January 2024

Recent research reveals that breast cancer cells with p53 mutations can alter fat cells, leading to the development of an inflammatory environment that supports cancer growth by suppressing the immune response…

Colon carcinogenesis Carcinogenesis refers to the process by which normal cells transform into cancerous cells, and it involves genetic and epigenetic alterations that disrupt normal cellular functions, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and division. Colon carcinogenesis is a stepwise process initiated by genetic and epigenetic alterations, leading to the activation of oncogenes (e.g., KRAS) and Read More

HIV, the Microbiome and Cellular Immunity   HIV in infants Of the 2.1 million children under the age of 15 that live with HIV infection, 90% of those are in Sub-Saharan Africa. At least 1/3 of infants born in Sub-Saharan Africa have been exposed to maternal HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment. Majority of HIV is Read More

The GI tract Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease associated with the accumulation of dental plaque (referred to as dental biofilm/biofilm), characterized by the progressive destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth, including the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. (Kwon et al., 2021) During inflammation, defense cells release certain endogenous biological molecules such Read More

Immune cell function, activation, cytokine secretion and antitumor effect depend on cellular metabolism and epigenetic modifications. This module will discuss the role and mechanism of metabolism and epigenetic modifications in immune cells regulation and immunotherapy. Epigenetic modifiers and immune checkpoints Epigenetic modifications involve molecular mechanisms affecting gene expression in a reversible, transmissible, and adaptive way Read More

24 July 2023

In a recent study, researchers investigated interleukin (IL)-31 and its role in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis through the maintainnance of an inflammatory state and pruritus…

Background Tolerance is induced and maintained both centrally and peripherally, each with a non-redundant function in maintaining receptor diversity while curtailing self-reactivity It was observed more than 50 years ago that non-identical twin calves sharing a placenta do not react to each other’s erythrocytes, and it was hypothesised that in utero exposure rendered them tolerant Read More