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    • Infectious Diseases
      • I have spots and my skin burns
      • A case of a 10 year old boy with a 3 week history of diarrhoea, vomiting and cough
      • A case of fever and general malaise
      • A case of persistant hectic fever
      • A case of sudden rapid neurological deterioration in an HIV positive 27 year old female
      • A case of swollen hands
      • An unusual cause of fulminant hepatitis
      • Case of a right axillary swelling
      • Case of giant wart
      • Case of recurrent meningitis
      • Case of repeated apnoea and infections in a premature infant
      • Case of sudden onset of fever, rash and neck pain
      • Doctor, my sister is confused
      • Eight month old boy with recurrent infections
      • Enlarged Testicles
      • Failure to thrive despite appropriate treatment
      • Right Axillary Swelling
      • Severe anaemia in HIV positive child
      • The case of a floppy infant
      • Two year old with spiking fevers and depressed level of consciousness
      • 17 year old male with fever and decreased level of consciousness
      • 3 TB Vignettes
      • A 10 year old girl with a hard palate defect
      • A case of decreased joint function, fever and rash
    • Immunotherapy
      • Keep up while the storm is raging
    • Autoimmune Conditions
      • Fireworks of autoimmunity from birth
      • My eyes cross at twilight
      • A case of a 3 month old infant with bloody urine and stools
      • A case of scaly annular plaques
      • Case of eye injury and decreased vision
      • My head hurts and I cannot speak?
      • TB or not TB: a confusing case
      • A 7 year old with severe muscle weakness and difficulty walking
      • Why can I not walk today?
      • 14 year old with severe hip pain
      • A 9 year old girl presents with body swelling, shortness of breath and backache
    • Drug Responses
      • A sudden turn of events after successful therapy
      • Declining CD4 count, despite viral suppression?
      • Defaulted treatment
      • 25 year old female presents with persistent flu-like symptoms
    • Gastrointestinal Disorders
      • A case of persistent bloody diarrhoea
    • Hypersensitivity
      • A case of acute fever, rash and vomiting
      • Adverse event following routine vaccination
    • Malignancies
      • A case of cough, wasting and lymphadenopathy
      • A case of lymphadenopathy and night sweats
      • Case of enlarged hard tongue
      • In the Red
    • Mother to Child Transmission
      • A high risk pregnancy
    • Primary Immunodeficiencies
      • A four year old with immunodeficiency
      • Young girl with recurrent history of mycobacterial disease
      • Immunodeficiency and failure to thrive
      • Case of recurrent infections
      • An 8 year old boy with recurrent respiratory infections
      • 4 year old boy with recurrent bacterial infections
    • Secondary Immunodeficiencies
      • Is this treatment failure or malnutrition
  • Immunology
    • The Basics of the Immune System
      • 1. A Snapshot of the Immune System
      • 2. Ontogeny of the Immune System
      • 3. The Innate Immune System
      • 4. MHC & Antigen Presentation
      • 5. Overview of T Cell Subsets
      • 6. B Cell Activation and Plasma Cell Differentiation
      • 7. Antibody Structure and Classes
      • CD Nomenclature
    • Advanced Immunology
      • 1. Transplantation
      • 2. Central & Peripheral Tolerance
      • 3. Immune Regulation in Pregnancy
      • 4. Breaking Tolerance: Autoimmunity & Dysregulation
      • 5. Mucosal Immunity & Immunopathology
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    • Special Focus Area
      • 1. Primary Immunodeficiencies
      • 2. Cancer & Tumours
        • Cancer Epidemiology and Aetiology
        • Immune Responses to Cancer
        • Cancer Stem Cells and Tumour-initiating Cells
        • Tumour Microenvironment
        • Pathogens and Cancer
        • Cancer Immunotherapy
      • 3. Immunity to TB
      • 4. Immunity to Malaria
      • 5. Immunity to HIV
      • 6. Tolerance and Autoimmunity
    • Historical Fun Facts
      • Discovery of the Thymus as a central immunological organ
      • History of Immune Response
      • History of Immunoglobulin molecules
      • History of MHC – 1901 – 1970
      • History of MHC – 1971 – 2011
  • Online Courses
    • Core Immunology Modules
      • 1. A Snapshot of the Immune System
      • 2. Ontogeny of the Immune System
      • 3. The Innate Immune System
      • 4. MHC & Antigen Presentation
      • 5. Overview of T Cell Subsets
      • 6. Thymic T Cell Development
      • 7. gamma/delta T Cells
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      • 9. Antibody Structure and Classes
      • 10. Central and Peripheral Tolerance
    • IUIS Courses
      • IUIS-ALACI-ACAAI Immuno-Colombia 2021
        • Immuno-Colombia Introduction
        • A Snapshot of the Immune System
        • The Innate Immune System
        • MHC & Antigen Presentation
        • Overview of T Cell Subsets
        • gamma/delta T Cells
        • B Cell Activation and Plasma Cell Differentiation
        • Antibody Structure and Classes
        • Core Modules Meeting
        • Overview of Immunotherapy
        • Check-Points Blockade Based Therapies
        • Cancer Immunotherapy with γδ T cells
        • CAR-T, armored CARs and CAR-NK therapies
        • Anti-cytokines Therapies
        • Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL)
        • MDSC Promote Tumor Growth and Escape
        • Cancer Vaccines
        • Immunological lab methods for patient’s follow-up
        • Student Orientation Meeting
        • Lectures – Week 1
        • Lectures – Week 2
        • Student Presentations
        • Research Project
      • IUIS-FAIS Immuno-Algeria 2020
        • Introduction to Immuno-Algeria 2020
        • The Innate Immune System
        • Overview of T Cell Subsets
        • B Cell Activation and Plasma Cell Differentiation
        • Antibody Structure and Classes
        • Hypersensitivity Reactions
        • Immuno-Algeria Programme
        • Online Lectures – Week 1
        • Online Lectures – Week 2
        • Student Presentations – Week 1
        • Student Presentations – Week 2
      • IUIS-FAIS Immuno-Ethiopia 2020
        • Introduction to Immuno-Ethiopia 2020
        • A Snapshot of the Immune System
        • Ontogeny of the Immune System
        • The Innate Immune System
        • Neutrophils
        • MHC & Antigen Presentation
        • Overview of T Cell Subsets
        • gamma/delta T Cells
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        • Leishmaniasis – Transmission and Epidemiology
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        • Leishmaniasis – Treatment and Vaccines
        • Immunity to Helminth Infections
        • Helminth immunomodulation on co-infections
        • Immunity to Malaria
        • Malaria Vaccine Progress
        • Immunity to Fungal Infections
        • How to be successful scientist
        • How to prepare a good academic CV
    • Previous IUIS Courses
      • IUIS-FAIS Immuno-Benin
        • Introduction to Immuno-Benin
        • A Snapshot of the Immune System
        • The Innate Immune System
        • MHC & Antigen Presentation
        • Dendritic Cells
        • gamma/delta T Cells
        • Thymic T Cell Development
        • Overview of T Cell Subsets
        • B Cell Activation and Plasma Cell Differentiation
        • Antibody Structure and Classes
        • Immune Regulation in Pregnancy
        • Immunity in infants and consequence of preeclampsia
        • Schistosome infections and impact on Pregnancy
        • Infant Immunity and Vaccines
        • Regulation of Immunity & the Microbiome
        • TGF-beta superfamily in infections and diseases
        • Infectious Diseases in the Global Health era
        • Immunity to Malaria
        • Malaria Vaccine Progress
        • Immunity to Toxoplasma gondii
        • Immunity to Helminth Infections
        • A. melegueta inhibits inflammatory responses during Helminth Infections
        • Helminth immunomodulation on co-infections
        • Host immune modulation by Helminth-induced products
        • Immunity to HIV
        • Immunity to Ebola
        • Immunity to TB
        • Genetic susceptibility in Tuberculosis
        • Plant Extract Treatment for Diabetes
        • Grant Writing
        • Evaluations
      • IUIS-IDA Immuno-South Africa 2019
        • Introduction to Immuno-South Africa 2019
        • A Snapshot of the Immune System
        • Ontogeny of the Immune System
        • The Innate Immune System
        • MHC & Antigen Presentation
        • Overview of T Cell Subsets
        • Thymic T Cell Development
        • gamma/delta T Cells
        • B Cell Activation and Plasma Cell Differentiation
        • Antibody Structure and Classes
        • Central and Peripheral Tolerance
        • Immunity to HIV
        • Immunity to TB
        • Immunity to Malaria
        • Models for Testing Vaccines
        • Immune Responses to Vaccination
        • Grant Writing
        • IDA 2019 Quiz
        • Evaluations
      • IUIS-IIS-FIMSA Immuno-Jaipur
        • Evaluations
        • Introduction to Immuno-Jaipur
        • A Snapshot of the Immune System
        • The Innate Immune System
        • MHC & Antigen Presentation
        • Overview of T Cell Subsets
        • gamma/delta T Cells
        • B Cell Activation and Plasma Cell Differentiation
        • Antibody Structure and Classes
        • Inflammation and autoinflammation
        • Central and Peripheral Tolerance
        • Autoimmunity and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
        • Autoimmunity & Dysregulation
        • Novel Therapeutic strategies for Autoimmune Diseases
        • Strategies to apply gamma/delta T cells for Immunotherapy
        • Immune Responses to Cancer
        • Tumour Microenvironment
        • Cancer Immunotherapy
        • Origin and perspectives of CAR T cells
        • Metabolic checkpoints regulating immune responses
        • Transplantation
        • Primary Immunodeficiencies
        • Regulation of Immunity & the Microbiome
        • Growing up with Herpes virus
      • IUIS-ALAI-MEXICO-IMMUNOINFORMATICS
        • Introduction to IUIS-ALAI-Mexico-ImmunoInformatics
        • Cancer Immunotherapy
        • Introduction to Immunization Strategies
        • Introduction to Immunoinformatics
        • Omics Technologies
        • Computational Modeling
        • Machine Learning Methods
        • Evaluations
      • IUIS-FAIS Immuno-Kenya
        • Introduction to Immuno-Kenya
        • Core Modules
        • gamma/delta T cells
        • Viruses hijacking host immune responses
        • IFNs as 1st responders to virus infections
        • HBV/HCV & Hepatocellular Carcinoma
        • Cytokines as biomarkers for HCV
        • HTLV & T cell Leukemia
        • HCMV and Cancers
        • HPV and Cancers
        • EBV-induced Oncogenesis
        • Adenoviruses
        • Immunity to HIV
        • KSHV and HIV
        • Cancer Immunotherapy
        • Ethics in Cancer Research
        • Sex and gender in Immunity
        • Flow Cytometry
        • Group Work
        • Evaluations
      • IUIS-ISIA Immuno-Iran
        • Introduction to Immuno-Iran
        • Core Modules
        • gamma/delta T cells
        • Cancer Immunotherapy
        • Tumour Microenvironment
        • Immune Regulation in Pregnancy
        • Introduction to Immunization Strategies
        • Immunity to Leishmaniasis
        • Primary Immunodeficiencies
        • Breaking Tolerance: Autoimmunity & Dysregulation
        • Evaluation
      • IUIS-FAIS-SMI Immuno-Morocco
        • Introduction to Immuno-Morocco
        • Core Modules
        • Cancer Epidemiology and Aetiology
        • Immune Responses to Cancer
        • Tumour Microenvironment
        • Pathogens and Cancer
        • Cancer Immunotherapy
        • Flow Cytometry
        • How to be successful scientist
        • How to prepare a good academic CV
        • Immunodeficiency and Cancer
        • Evaluations
      • IUIS-ALAI Immuno-Brazil
        • Introduction to Immuno-Brazil
        • Core Modules
        • 1. Systems Vaccinology
        • 2. Vaccine Development
        • 3. Adjuvants
        • 4. DNA Vaccines
        • 5. Mucosal Vaccines
        • 6. Vaccines for Neurodegenerative Diseases
        • Grant Writing
        • Evaluation
      • IUIS-FAIS Immuno-Gambia
        • Introduction to Immuno-Gambia
        • Immuno-Gambia Photos
        • 1. Infant Immunity and Vaccines
        • 2. Dendritic Cells
        • 3. Conventional T Cells
        • 4. gamma/delta T Cells
        • 5. Immunity to Viral Infections
        • 6. Immunity to Helminth Infections
        • 7. Immunity to TB
        • 8. Immunity to Malaria
        • 9. Flow Cytometry
      • IUIS-IDA Immuno-South Africa 2017
        • Introduction to Immuno-South Africa
        • Core Modules
        • 1. Introduction to Immunization Strategies
        • 2. Immune Responses to Vaccination
        • 3. Models for Testing Vaccines
        • 4. Immune Escape
        • 5. Grant Writing
        • Evaluations
      • IUIS-FAIS Immuno-Ethiopia
        • Introduction to Immuno-Ethiopia
        • 1. Neutrophils
        • 2. Dendritic Cells
        • 3. Exosomes
        • 4. gamma/delta T Cells
        • 5. Immunity to Leishmania
        • 6. Immunity to HIV
        • 7. Immunity to Helminth Infections
        • 8. Immunity to TB
        • 9. Grant Writing
      • IUIS-ALAI-SMI Immuno-Mexico
        • Introduction to ONCOIMMUNOLOGY-MEXICO
        • ONCOIMMUNOLOGY-MEXICO Photos
        • 1. Cancer Epidemiology and Etiology
        • 2. T lymphocyte mediated immunity
        • 3. Immune Responses to Cancer
        • 4. Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor-initiating cells.
        • 5. Tumor Microenvironment
        • 6. Pathogens and Cancer
        • 7. Cancer Immunotherapy
        • 8. Flow cytometry approaches in cancer
      • IUIS-FAIS Immuno-Tunisia
        • Introduction to the Immunology Course
        • Immuno-Tunisia Photo
        • 1. Overview of the Immune System
        • 2. Role of cytokines in Immunity
        • 3. Tolerance and autoimmunity
        • 4. Genetics, Epigenetics and immunoregulation
        • 5. Microbes and immunoregulation
        • 6. Inflammation and autoinflammation
        • 7. T cell mediated autoimmune diseases
        • 8. Antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases
      • IUIS-IDA IMMUNO-SOUTH AFRICA
        • Introduction to the Immunology Symposium
        • Immuno-South Africa Photo
        • 1. Antibody Generation by B cells
        • 2. Mucosal Immunity
        • 3. Immunity to TB
        • 4. Immunity to Malaria
        • 5. Immunity to HIV
        • 6. Defining a Biomarker
        • 7. Grant Writing Exercise
      • IUIS-ALAI Immuno-Colombia
        • Introduction to the Immunology Course
        • Immuno-Colombia Photo
        • 1. Overview of Complement
        • 2. Transplantation
        • 3. Immune Regulation in Pregnancy
        • 4. Breaking Tolerance: Autoimmunity & Dysregulation
        • 5. Mucosal Immunity & Immunopathology
        • 6. Regulation of Immunity & the Microbiome
        • 7. Epigenetics & Modulation of Immunity
        • 8. Primary Immunodeficiencies
        • 9. Anti-tumour Immunity
        • 10. Cancer Immunotherapy
    • Other Courses
      • Afribop 2020
        • Afribop 2020 Introduction
        • Fundamentals of Immunology
        • Adaptive Immunity
        • Fundamentals of Infection
        • WT PhD School Lectures 1
        • EULAR symposium
        • WT PhD School Lectures 2
        • Host pathogen interaction 1
        • Host pathogen interaction 2
        • Vaccines
        • Bioinformatics
        • Grant Writing
        • Career
        • Student Presentations
      • VACFA AAVC 2020
        • Introduction to VACFA Vaccinology 2020
        • Overview of Vaccinology
        • Basic Principles of Immunity
        • Adverse Events Following Immunization
        • Targeted Immunization
        • Challenges Facing Vaccination
        • Vaccine Stakeholders
        • Vaccination Questions Answered
        • Evaluation
      • Afribop 2019
        • Introduction to Afribop2019
        • Innate Immunity
        • MHC & Antigen Presentation
        • Maturation and Activation of T cells
        • B cells
        • Bacterial Pathogens
        • Immune Regulation in the Respiratory Mucosa
        • Malaria life cycle and immunity
        • Naturally Acquired Immunity to Malaria
        • HIV Immunity
        • Extracellular Vesicles in Immune Evasion
        • Vaccines
        • Autoimmunity and Infection
        • Immunology in Clinical Samples
      • UCT Advanced Immunology
        • A Snapshot of the Immune System
        • Ontogeny of the Immune System
        • The Innate Immune System
        • MHC & Antigen Presentation
        • Overview of T Cell Subsets
        • Thymic T Cell Development
        • B Cell Activation and Plasma Cell Differentiation
        • Antibody Structure and Classes
        • Central and Peripheral Tolerance
        • Immune Escape
        • Immunity to Viral Infections
        • Immunity to TB
        • Immunity to Helminth Infections
        • Introduction to Immunization Strategies
        • Immune Responses to Vaccination
        • Infant Immunity and Vaccines
        • Breaking Tolerance: Autoimmunity & Dysregulation
        • Primary Immunodeficiencies
        • Genetics, Epigenetics and immunoregulation
        • Immunity to Fungal Infections
        • Regulation of Immunity & the Microbiome
        • Flow Cytometry
      • VACFA AAVC 2019
        • Introduction to VACFA Vaccinology 2019
        • Overview of Vaccinology
        • Basic Principles of Immunity
        • Adverse Events Following Immunization
        • Targeted Immunization
        • Challenges Facing Vaccination
        • Vaccine Stakeholders
        • Vaccination Questions Answered
        • Evaluation
      • Immunity to Pathogens
        • A Snapshot of the Immune System
        • The Innate Immune System
        • MHC & Antigen Presentation
        • Overview of T Cell Subsets
        • B Cell Activation and Plasma Cell Differentiation
        • Antibody Structure and Classes
        • Immune Escape by Pathogens
        • Immunity to TB
        • Immunity to Malaria
        • Introduction
        • Flu, Ebola & SARS
        • Immunity to HIV
        • HCMV
        • HPV
        • HTLV
        • HBV/HCV
        • Biomarkers
      • UCT Honours 2019
        • IDI Immunology Introduction
        • The Innate Immune System
        • MHC & Antigen Presentation
        • Overview of T Cell Subsets
        • B Cell Activation and Plasma Cell Differentiation
        • Antibody Structure and Classes
        • Central and Peripheral Tolerance
        • Vaccinology Honours
      • IDA 2018
        • IDA 2018 Introduction
        • IDA 2018 Quiz
        • Immunity to HIV
        • Regulation of Immunity & the Microbiome
        • Antibody Structure and Classes
        • B Cell Activation and Plasma Cell Differentiation
        • Immunity to TB
        • Immunity to Malaria
        • Vaccine Development
        • Models for Testing Vaccines
        • Immune Responses to Vaccination
        • Grant Writing
        • Scholarships and Grants
        • Evaluations
      • VACFA AAVC 2018
        • Introduction to VACFA Vaccinology 2018
        • Overview of Vaccinology
        • Basic Principles of Immunity
        • Adverse Events Following Immunization
        • Targeted Vaccination
        • Challenges Facing Vaccination
        • Vaccine Stakeholders
        • Vaccination Questions Answered
        • Malaria Vaccines
        • Evaluation
      • KENBOP 2018
        • Introduction to KENBOP 2018
        • Immunology Overview
        • Innate Immunity
        • Adaptive Immunity
        • Antigen Presentation
        • Autoimmunity
        • Rheumatoid Arthritis
        • Tuberculosis
        • Malaria
        • Vaccine Adjuvants
        • Translational Immunology
        • Grant Writing
      • VACFA Vaccinology
        • Introduction to VACFA Vaccinology
        • Overview of Vaccinology
        • Basic Principles of Immunity
        • Adverse Events Following Immunization
        • Targeted Vaccination
        • Challenges Facing Vaccination
        • Vaccine Stakeholders
        • Vaccination Questions Answered
        • Evaluation
        • Course Feedback
      • MALBOP3
        • Introduction to MALBOP3
        • Immunity
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        • Noncommunicable Diseases
        • Training
      • Immunology in the Tropics
        • Introduction to Immunology in the Tropics
        • 1. Helminths Overview
        • 2. Type 2 Immunity to Helminths
        • 3. Helminths Exploiting Immune Regulation
        • 4. The Microbiome and Helminths
        • 5. Immunity to Schistosoma Species
        • 6. Epidemiology of Schistosoma Species
        • 7. Schistosomiasis Pathology
        • 8. Schistosoma Vaccines
        • 9. Immunity to Gastrointestinal Nematodes
        • 10. Gastrointestinal Nematode Vaccines
        • 11. Blogs
      • KENBOP3
        • Introduction to KENBOP3
        • KENBOP3 Photos
        • 1.The Immune System
        • 2. Antigen Presentation
        • 3. T Cells
        • 4. B Cells
        • 5. Immune Memory
        • 6. Lymphocyte Recirculation
        • 7. Vaccine Adjuvants
        • 8. Immunity to Helminths
        • 9. Immunity to TB
        • 10. Malaria
        • 11. Gametocytogenesis in Plasmodium
        • 12. HIV
        • 13. Grant Writing
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