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Immunological systems function as soldiers to resist illness, but under some circumstances, the soldiers are reprogrammed to limit immunological response. These specific circumstances appear in cancer and illness.  These reprogrammed immune cells are one of the most exciting areas of study and targeting them can be extremely useful to patients.   These immunosuppressive cells are broadly Read More

HIV, the Microbiome and Cellular Immunity   HIV in infants Of the 2.1 million children under the age of 15 that live with HIV infection, 90% of those are in Sub-Saharan Africa. At least 1/3 of infants born in Sub-Saharan Africa have been exposed to maternal HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment. Majority of HIV is Read More

Immune cell function, activation, cytokine secretion and antitumor effect depend on cellular metabolism and epigenetic modifications. This module will discuss the role and mechanism of metabolism and epigenetic modifications in immune cells regulation and immunotherapy. Epigenetic modifiers and immune checkpoints Epigenetic modifications involve molecular mechanisms affecting gene expression in a reversible, transmissible, and adaptive way Read More

20 February 2023

White blood cells are put on high alert when exposed to modest amounts of a pungent ginger component, according to a recent study…

What are MDSCs? Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of myeloid cells with potent immunoregulatory activity. Two major MDSC subsets have been identified in humans: granulocytic or polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) and monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs): PMN-MDSCs are phenotypically and morphologically similar to neutrophils. They are defined as CD11b+CD14–CD15+ (or CD66b+)CD33+. M-MDSCs are similar to monocytes. Read More

31st July

Corticosteroid treatment for severe COVID-19 could be regarded as a “heavy approach” to relieving the devastating effects of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and would potentially inhibit the signalling pathways leading to robust T and B cell immunity. Perhaps a more selective approach could be used to target the now known inflammatory overreaction leading to severe disease…

8th June

A recent study in Cell focused on defining the host response to SARS-CoV-2 and other human respiratory viruses in cell lines, primary cell cultures, ferrets, and COVID-19 patients. The authors show a distinct transcriptional footprint exists with SARS-CoV-2 infection when compared with other coronaviruses and common respiratory viruses such as IAV, HPIV3, and RSV. The response to SARS-CoV-2 was defined…

Tumours are organ-like structures composed of different cell types whose interactions are required to promote their maintenance, growth and metastasis. Increasing evidence indicates that the tumour microenvironment (TME) can dictate aberrant cellular function and play a critical role in the subsequent development of more advanced and refractory malignancies. TME is constituted of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAFs), Read More

Tumours are organ-like structures composed of different cell types whose interactions are required to promote their maintenance, growth and metastasis. Increasing evidence indicates that the tumour microenvironment (TME) can dictate aberrant cellular function and play a critical role in the subsequent development of more advanced and refractory malignancies. TME is constituted of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAFs), Read More

Tumours are organ-like structures composed of different cell types whose interactions are required to promote their maintenance, growth and metastasis. Increasing evidence indicates that the tumour microenvironment (TME) can dictate aberrant cellular function and play a critical role in the subsequent development of more advanced and refractory malignancies. TME is constituted of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAFs), Read More